At What Types of Vehicles Are We Looking? * What Is a Vehicle? * Hybrid-Electric Vehicles: Theory and Design * Energy Use in Conventional Vehicles * Energy Savings Potential of Hybrid Drivetrains * Emissions Trade-Offs * Elements of Hybrid Design * Parallel Hybrids * Series Hybrids * Component Sizing * A Dated "Thermostat" Concept * Grid-Independent Hybrids * Grid-Connected Hybrids * Limited Performance Hybrids * Role of Component Efficiency * Trends in Hybrid Efficiency over Time * Methodology and Modeling Issues * Modeling the Vehicle * ADVISOR Model and Validation * Rules for Comparing Vehicles and Modeling Difficulties * Selecting a Conventional Engine/Hybrid Engine Pair for Comparison * Engine Maps * Adequacy of Transmission Modeling * Zero to 60 mph Acceleration Times * Hybrid Design and the Impact of Cost Considerations * Fair Treatment of Time and Context * Calculating the Energy Use of Grid-Connected Hybrids * Cost Modeling * Common Components' Retail Price Equivalent * Allocation of Indirect Costs * Component Cost Information * OEM Manufactured Components * Outsourced Electric Powertrain Components * Outsourced Battery Pack * Modeling Concerns * Results of Vehicle Modeling * Description of the Vehicles Evaluated * Vehicle Control Strategy driving Cycles * Other Critical Assumptions * Estimating Energy Use from Grid-Connected HEVs Model Results * Energy Flow for a Midsize Automobile * One Example of a Parallel Hybrid Drivetrain * One Configuration of a Series Hybrid Drivetrain * Saturn 1.9-L Fuel Use Map with FTPRP Coverage * Plots of Measured and Estimated Z60 Time vs. the Vehicle Power-to-Weight Ratio for Conventional Vehicles and Hybrids * A Day's Driving for a Grid-Connected Hybrid Vehicle: SOC vs.Time or Distance * Cumulative Share of Vehicles Traveling vs. Miles Traveled, from the Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey. * Speed Profile of the New York City Cycle * Speed Profile of the Japan 10/15 Cycle * Speed Profile of the Federal Test Procedure * Speed Profile of the U.S. No. 6 Cycle * Speed Profile of the Highway Cycle * HEV Fuel Economy Advantage over CVs, for Different Driving HEV Fuel Economy Advantage over CVs, Measured in Gallons Saved in 10 Hours of Driving * Fuel Economy Variation of CV and HEVs with Z60 Requirements Hybrid Vehicles' Fuel Economy Improvement over CVs as a Function of Acceleration Times * CV and HEV Gradeability at 55 mph, Grid-Independent Parallel Hybrids * Projected Year 2010 Cost of CVs and Hybrids * Vehicle Cost as a Function of Acceleration Requirements * Breakeven Fuel Prices for CVs and Parallel Grid-Independent Full Hybrids, Three Performance Levels